bioinformatics

Introduction Proteins rarely act in isolation; instead, they participate in complex networks of physical and functional interactions that orchestrate cellular processes. Understanding these protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is fundamental to elucidating cellular pathways, identifying drug targets, and developing therapeutic interventions.

Introduction The intersection of artificial intelligence and molecular biology has witnessed a transformative breakthrough with the emergence of protein language models (PLMs). These sophisticated deep learning architectures have fundamentally altered our approach to understanding protein sequence-structure-function relationships, offering unprecedented capabilities in protein property prediction, design, and engineering.